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Information assurance (IA) is the practice of managing information-related risks. More specifically, IA practitioners seek to protect and defend information and information systems by ensuring confidentiality, integrity, authentication, availability, and non-repudiation. These goals are relevant whether the information are in storage, processing, or transit, and whether threatened by malice or accident. In other words, IA is the process of ensuring that authorized users have access to authorized information at the authorized time. Information assurance is closely related to information security and the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. However, IA’s broader connotation also includes reliability and emphasizes strategic risk management over tools and tactics. In addition to defending against malicious hackers and code (e.g., viruses), IA includes other corporate governance issues such as privacy, compliance, audits, business continuity, and disaster recovery. Further, while information security draws primarily from computer science, IA is interdisciplinary and draws from multiple fields, including fraud examination, forensic science, military science, management science, systems engineering, security engineering, and criminology, in addition to computer science. Therefore, IA is best thought of as a superset of information security. Information assurance is not just Computer Security because it includes security issues that do not involve computers. The U.S. Government's National Information Assurance Glossary defines IA as In the 1960s, IA was not as complex as it is today. IA was as simple as controlling access to the computer room by locking the door and placing guards to protect it.
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